UNIX Command Reference
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Directory Commands:
ls <options> <directory/file name> Lists the contents of a directory
[options: -l (long) -a (all)]
cd <directory name> Change the current directory
mkdir <directory name> Make a sub-directory
rm <options> <file/directory name> Remove a file
[options: -r (remove a directory)]
chmod <options> <permissions> <file/direcory name> Change the permissions of a file
[permissions: see permissions below]
[options:-R (recursive)]
mv <file/directory name> <file/directory name> Move a file (also rename a file)
cp <file/directory name> <file/directory name> Copy a file
echo <string/variable> Display a string
cat <file name> Display contents of a file
touch <file name> Change date of/create file
Permissions:
l=link (always has permissions lrwxrwxrwx)
d=directory
r=permission to read
w=permission to write
x=permission to execute
-= no permission
Numerical representation of permissions:
7 rwx
6 rw-
5 r-x
4 r--
3 -wx
2 -w-
1 --x
Common Permissions: Look like this in ls -1
755 -rwxr-xr-x
or drwxr-xr-x (good for directories and programs)
711 drwx-x-x (only good for directories - more private than 755)
700 -rwx-----
or drwx------(good for directories and
programs - most private)
644 -rw-r--r-- (only good for files)
600 -rw------- (only good for files - most private)
Useful Programs:
man <command> Show instructions on how to use <command>
more <file name> View a file page by page
emacs <file name> Open a file for editing
Useful Hints:
ls -l | more Long list of current directory, pause before end
of each screenfull
cd Return to home directory
cd ~ Return to home directory
cd .. Return to previous directory
pine Mail
pwd Print current working directory
Copyright reserved to Yonah Russ and Nachum Danzig
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